Etiology :
Aqueous tear deficiency
Mucin deficiency
Lipid deficiency and abnormalities
Impaired eyelid function
Epitheliopathies
Tear film tests :
Tear film break up time (BUT: It is the interval between complete blink and appearance of first randomly distributed dry spot on the cornea
Schirmer's I test : with 5 x 35 mm strip of Whatman-41 filter paper
Rose Bengal staining :
C pattern : mild cases with punctuate stains
B pattern : moderate cases with extensive staining
A pattern : severe cases with confluent staining of conjunctiva and cornea
Other tests include tear osmolarity, tear levels of lysozyme and lactoferrin and conjunctival impression cytology
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