Isoniazid-
Bactericidal to both extracellular and intracellular organisms. Pyridoxine, 10 mg orally daily as prophylaxis for neuritis; 50–100 mg orally daily as treatment. | Peripheral neuropathy, hepatitis, rash, mild CNS effects. | AST and ALT; neurologic examination. | Phenytoin (synergistic); disulfiram. |
Rifampin-
Bactericidal to all populations of organisms. Colors urine and other body secretions orange. Discoloring of contact lenses. | Hepatitis, fever, rash, flu-like illness, gastrointestinal upset, bleeding problems, renal failure. | CBC, platelets, AST and ALT. | Rifampin inhibits the effect of oral contraceptives, quinidine, corticosteroids, warfarin, methadone, digoxin, oral hypoglycemics; aminosalicylic acid may interfere with absorption of rifampin. Significant interactions with protease inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. |
Pyrazinamide-
Bactericidal to intracellular organisms. | Hyperuricemia, hepatotoxicity, rash, gastrointestinal upset, joint aches. | Uric acid, AST, ALT. | Rare. |
Ethambutol-
Bacteriostatic to both intracellular and extracellular organisms. Mainly used to inhibit development of resistant mutants. Use with caution in renal disease or when ophthalmologic testing is not feasible | Optic neuritis (reversible with discontinuance of drug; rare at 15 mg/kg); rash. | Red-green color discrimination and visual acuity (difficult to test in children under 3 years of age). | Rare. |
Streptomycin-
Bactericidal to extracellular organisms. Use with caution in older patients or those with renal disease. | Eighth nerve damage, nephrotoxicity. | Vestibular function (audiograms); BUN and creatinine. | Neuromuscular blocking agents may be potentiated and cause prolonged paralysis. |
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