Most Common's in medical science:

1° Tumor arising from bone in adults


· Multiple Myeloma

Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Adults


· Pheochromocytoma

Adrenal Medullary Tumor – Children


· Neuroblastoma

Bacterial Meningitis – adults


· Neisseria meningitidis

Bacterial Meningitis – elderly


· Strep pneumoniae

Bacterial Meningitis – newborns


· E. coli

Bacterial Meningitis – toddlers


· Hib

Bone Tumors


· Metasteses from Breast & Prostate

Brain Tumor – Child


· Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Brain Tumor –Adult


· Astrocytoma (including Glioblastoma Multiforme) then: mets, meningioma, Schwannoma

Breast Carcinoma


· Invasive Duct Carcinoma

Breast Mass


· Fibrocystic Change (Carcinoma is the most common is post-menopausal women)

Bug in Acute Endocarditis


· Staph aureus

Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia pt


· Klebsiella

Bug in Epiglottitis


· Hib

Bug in GI Tract


· Bacteroides (2nd – E. coli)

Bug in IV drug user bacteremia / pneumonia


· Staph aureus

Bug in PID


· N. Gonnorrhoeae

Bug in Subacute Endocarditis


· Strep Viridans

Cardiac 1° Tumor – Adults


· Myxoma “Ball Valve”

Cardiac 1° Tumor – Child


· Rhabdomyoma

Cardiac Tumor – Adults


· Metasteses

Cardiomyopathy


· Dilated (Congestive) Cardiomyopathy

Cause of 2° HTN


· Renal Disease

Cause of Addison’s


· Autoimmune (2nd – infection)

Cause of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia


· 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (then, 11-)

Cause of Cushings


· Exogenous Steroid Therapy (then, 1° ­ ACTH, Adrenal Adenoma, Ectopic ACTH)

Cause of death in Alzheimer pts


· Pneumonia

Cause of death in Diabetics


· MI

Cause of Death in SLE pts.


· Lupus Nephropathy Type IV (Diffuse Proliferative)

Cause of Dementia


· Alzheimer’s

Cause of Dementia (2nd most common)


· Multi-Infarct Dementia

Cause of food poisoning


· Staph aureus

Cause of mental retardation


· Down’s

Cause of mental retardation (2nd most common)


· Fragile X

Cause of preventable blindness


· Chlamydia

Cause of Pulmonary HTN


· COPD

Cause of SIADH


· Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung

Chromosomal disorder


· Down’s

Congenital cardiac anomaly


· VSD (membranous > muscular)

Congenital early cyanosis


· Tetralogy of Fallot

Coronary Artery thrombosis


· LAD

Demyelinating Disease


· Multiple Sclerosis

Dietary Deficiency


· Iron

Disseminated opportunistic infection in AIDS


· CMV (Pneumocystis carinii is most common overall)

Esophageal cancer


· SCCA

Fatal genetic defect in Caucasians


· Cystic Fibrosis

Female Tumor


· Leimyoma

Form of Amyloidosis


· Immunologic (Bence Jones protein in multiple myeloma is also called the Amyloid Light Chain)

Form of Tularemia


· Ulceroglandular

Gynecologic malignancy


· Endometrial Carcinoma

Heart Murmur


· Mitral Valve Prolapse

Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis


· Mitral

Heart Valve in bacterial endocarditis in IV drug users


· Tricuspid

Heart Valve involved in Rheumatic Fever


· Mitral then Aortic

Hereditary Bleeding Disorder


· Von Willebrand’s Disease

Liver 1° Tumor


· Hepatoma

Liver Disease


· Alcoholic Liver Disease

Location of Adult brain tumors


· Above Tentorium

Location of Childhood brain tumors


· Below Tentorium

Lysosomal Storage Disease


· Gaucher’s

Motor Neuron Disease


· ALS

Neoplasm – Child


· Leukemia

Neoplasm – Child (2nd most common)


· Medulloblastoma of brain (cerebellum)

Nephrotic Syndrome


· Membranous Glomerulonephritis

Opportunistic infection in AIDS


· PCP

Ovarian Malignancy


· Serous Cystadenoma

Ovarian Tumor


· Hamartoma

Pancreatic Tumor


· Adeno (usually in the head)

Patient with ALL / CLL / AML / CML


· ALL - Child / CLL - Adult over 60 / AML - Adult over 60 / CML - Adult 35-50

Patient with Goodpasture’s


· Young male

Patient with Reiter’s


· Male

Pituitary Tumor


· Prolactinoma (2nd – Somatotropic “Acidophilic” Adenoma)

Primary Hyperparathyroidism


· Adenomas (followed by: hyperplasia, then carcinoma)

Pt. With Hodgkin’s


· Young Male (except Nodular Sclerosis type – Female)

Pt. With Minimal Change Disease


· Young Child

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism


· Hypocalcemia of Chronic Renal Failure

Sexually transmitted disease


· Chlamydia

Site of Diverticula


· Sigmoid Colon

Site of metastasis


· Regional Lymph Nodes

Site of metastasis (2nd most common)


· Liver

Sites of atherosclerosis


· Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Skin Cancer


· Basal Cell Carcinoma

Stomach cancer


· Adeno

Testicular Tumor


· Seminoma

Thyroid Cancer


· Papillary Carcinoma

Tracheoesophageal Fistula


· Lower esophagus joins trachea / upper esophagus – blind pouch

Tumor of Infancy


· Hemangioma

Type of Hodkin’s


· Mixed Cellularity (versus: lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion, nodular sclerosis)

Type of Non-Hodgkin’s


· Follicular, small cleaved

Vasculitis (of medium & small arteries)


· Temporal Arteritis

Viral Encephalitis


· HSV